Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a neurological condition that affects eye movement. It occurs due to damage to a part of the brainstem called the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). This structure is critical for coordinating eye movements, particularly when the eyes move from side to side (horizontal gaze). Who is Affected? INO is most commonly caused by conditions that affect the brainstem or the pathways in the central nervous system, such as: Multiple Sclerosis (MS): The most common cause in younger adults due to inflammation and demyelination. Stroke: The leading cause in older adults, often due to a blockage in the brainstem blood supply. Trauma: Head injuries can sometimes damage the MLF. Infections or Tumors: Rarely, infections or masses in the brainstem may lead to INO. Diagnosing INO typically involves: Neurological Examination: Testing eye movements and identifying any abnormalities. Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans to detect lesions, inflammation, or structural abnormalities in the brainstem. Additional Tests: Depending on the suspected cause, tests for MS, infections, or other conditions may be necessary. Prognosis: Recovery: In many cases, especially those related to MS, symptoms of INO may improve over weeks to months. Chronic Cases: Stroke-related INO may have a less complete recovery, but rehabilitation can help improve function. Key Takeaway: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a sign of an underlying neurological issue that requires careful evaluation. If you experience sudden eye movement problems, double vision, or other concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment of the cause are essential for the best outcomes. If you have questions about your symptoms or condition, please consult Dr. Advait Kulkarni. Together, we can ensure a thorough understanding and management of your health. Take an Appointment for Consultation on www.dradvaitkulkarni.com